Battery Management (BMS): ADI LTC6813 (16-cell monitor, ±0.4mV accuracy) and Maxim MAX17055 enable safe cell balancing and SOC tracking for Li-ion/LFP batteries.

Bidirectional DC-DC Converters: TI UCC28950 with 96% efficiency supports charge/discharge cycles (>10,000 cycles at 80% capacity), critical for grid backup and peak-shaving.